![]() This might sound like a minor historical footnote, but it’s actually a bit more than that. It’s also acknowledged by Pliny the Elder to be a myth, just proving that the more humans change… the more they remain the same. Wine glasses were carved from the material and some old magician’s manuals describe placing it in a drink to ward off drunkenness. The Greeks thought that amethyst was a handy remedy for drunkenness. Try amethyst with amber and silver beads for a unique blend of ancient and modern, or mix with pearls for an instantly classic look! Bibliography en./wiki/Amethyst From Gemstones of the World the metaphysical properties of most gemstones are modern innovations, amethyst’s main purported magical quality is truly ancient. ![]() We occasionally see this stone in vintage gold or platinum settings though it is more commonly set in silver for rings, earrings and pendants. Matching deep purple amethyst with gold beads and findings can enhance this regal quality. Purple is known as the color of royalty and with its rich, variable tones, amethyst has become a staple in jewelry-making, beadwork and adornment. Amethyst would be much more expensive today were it not as available because it exhibits many of the traits we look for in higher priced gemstones. A huge deposit was found in the early 1900's in Brazil and thus lowered the market value of the stone even until today. As the 7th Chakra stone, amethyst is the perfect gift to give prior to birth or to encourage sobriety and healing.Today, amethyst is widely mined all over the world and is still readily available and affordable. These carvings were done only for the luxury of kings and amethyst even appears in the Bible as one of the 12 stones on the breastplate of Aaron, representing one of the 12 Tribes of Israel.All quartz is used to clarify and concentrate psychic activity but the beloved purple quartz is believed to aid in healing, spiritual insight, courage, protection and happiness. Ancient Egyptians used amethyst to create ‘intaglio engraved’ gems cabachons that were carved to create portraits of important leaders and symbols of historic importance. In fact, the name amethyst comes from the ancient Greek words a-("not") and methustos-("intoxicated") and was believed that wearing amethyst or drinking from an amethyst vessel would protect the owner from drunkenness or intoxication. Prassiolite (green amethyst) is also a viable name for heat treated amethyst, as well.Since the times of Pharaohs and Greek mythology up through the ages, amethyst has been enlisted for many purposes including healing, protection and status. Most of the amethyst on the market today has been heat treated and most citrine is in fact heat treated amethyst. ![]() This quartz can be sensitive to light and when heated shows tones of yellow, orange, green and clear. Amethyst occurs naturally in a 6 pointed crystal formation and can also be found in clusters (druse) or encased in geodes. ![]() ![]() Though the clearest and deepest colors of purple are favored for jewelry and bead making, amethyst can range from nearly clear to an opaque purple/black and registers at 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness. As the birthstone for February and the gemstone for Pisces, amethyst veils the second month of the year in its purple haze. The lovely violet quartz amethyst is the highest valued member of the quartz family of stones and continues through the ages to mystify and amaze us. ![]()
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![]() Once you notice artifacts, dial it back a bit until they disappear. If all looks good, bump the card up another 10MHz and repeat the process. After you bump it up 10MHz, save the changes, then fire up the Heaven or Valley benchmark and look for system instability or graphical errors-odd color blobs, sparkling flashes of light, or other visual artifacts. Start slowly, increasing the core GPU clock frequency by 10MHz at a time. If you’re extremely risk-averse, you could leave both settings alone and continue with the process using the stock voltage and temperature settings, though that leaves potential performance on the table.ĭuring the actual process of overclocking your graphics card, we recommend altering the GPU and memory clocks individually to isolate any possible instability. A boost of 10% on the power target and a maximum temperature limit in the low- to mid-90’s Celsius should work for most cards. To use MSI Afterburner to overclock your graphics card, launch the utility and first crank up the power and temperature limits, though you may only be able to increase the power limit on a Radeon graphics card. Graphically rich benchmarks like Unigine Heaven, which loops GPU intensive workloads and reports clocks and temperatures, can be useful for testing the stability and performance of an overclocked graphics card. You can also run some in-game benchmarks if you’d like-all of the games tested in PCWorld’s massive roundup of GeForce and Radeon GPUs include automated in-game benchmarks that make capturing repeatable data easy. We recommend Unigine’s Heaven or Valley benchmarking tools. Minor voltage bumps-say in the 1- to 2-millivolt range-are usually safe, but even then there are no guarantees.īefore you start overclocking your graphics card, run some benchmarks to get a baseline for your unaltered system. Pump too much voltage into a GPU and you could damage it irreparably. To enable it, you must enter the Afterburner advanced properties menu by clicking the gear icon visible in the middle of the interface and ticking the boxes to unlock voltage control and monitoring.įor basic overclocking, we wouldn’t recommend messing around with voltages. There’s also a voltage slider for tweaking GPU voltages, but that is disabled by default. When ready, Afterburner will present you with an elaborate interface, featuring a few sliders for altering power targets, fan curves, GPU and memory frequencies, and current clock and temperature data. You’ll need to manually unlock voltage controls and monitoring in MSI Afterburner in order to tweak it. You most likely are-unlike many overclocking tools, Afterburner works with multiple generations of GeForce and Radeon GPUs from any graphics card manufacturers. ![]() When the utility is initially launched, it will scan your system and determine if you’re using a compatible graphics card. Using Afterburner is simple and straightforward: Download the utility from MSI’s website, install it, and you’re basically ready to go. This handy-dandy PSU wattage calculator can also help you spitball the approximate power usage of your PC. If your system consumes significantly less than your PSU’s rating, you’ll probably be fine. Cheap power meters that get plugged in between your PSU’s power cable and wall outlet will tell you how much power your rig is using. It’s more likely that you have some headroom, however, because the rest of the components in typical systems shouldn’t consume that much power. If the recommended PSU for your graphics card is 500 watts, for example, and that’s what is installed in your system, you may exceed its capacity while overclocking. ![]() As such, if you’re already flirting with the upper limits of your power supply (PSU), overclocking may tip it over the edge and cause system instability, or worse-damage the PSU. ![]() Overclocking your graphics card puts more strain on your PC’s power supply.Īs we’ve just mentioned, overclocking a graphics card will result in increased power consumption simply because it requires more juice to run the card’s GPU and memory at higher frequencies. Where the “right” peak temperature lies for each GPU will vary from card to card, but typically, you’ll want to keep it around or below the 90-degree Celsius mark. The GPU-tweaking utilities we mention a little later will all report GPU temps as well. Most motherboard manufacturers have utilities available to read the thermal sensors on their boards, and your system BIOS will report hardware health data. ![]() System temperatures can be monitored using any number of tools. The coolers used on most of today’s gaming-oriented cards typically have some built-in headroom to accommodate at least some level of overclocking, but if your card or system already run hot, additional cooling may be required. By definition, overclocking a graphics card means running it above its stock GPU and memory frequencies, which will result in higher power usage and heat output. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Hence storing two different information in one array element. We can save more data, as we can have a string as key to the array element, where we can have associated data to the value to be stored, like in our example, we stored the type of the car as key along with the name of the car as value.We can provide more meaningful key or index values to our array elements.Here are a few advantages of using associative array in our program/script: " car \n" Äon't get confused by the syntax as $key=>$value, it means in every iteration of the foreach we are representing the array as key-value pair. Using foreach to traverse an associative array is a better approach if you have to traverse the whole array, as we do not have to bother about calculating the size of the array to loop around the array.Ä«elow we have used the foreach to traverse the $lamborghinis array. While using the for loop to traverse an associative array we must know the size/length of the array, which can be found using the count() function.Īlso, as the index in associative array is not numeric and not sequentially, hence to find the index values or keys(as data saved in associative array is in the form of key-value), we can use the function array_keys() to get an array of the keys used in the associative array.įollowing is the syntax for traversing an array using the for loop. However, an array is a form of data structure that has a single name. I think im creating an associative array with the username (rowbert) as the key. An object represents a kind of instance and is a class specimen with memory allocated. To know the syntax and basic usage of for and foreach loop, you can refer to the PHP for and foreach loop tutorial.![]() ![]() The Product class inherits from the Base class, which declares the mapped classes into tables. The session object manages the persistence layer and does the ORM operations. That instance is passed into the sessionmaker function to create a Session class which is instantiated to create a session object. You then define the engine instance which is the starting point of your application. You can choose your own specifications depending on your case. The port which is 5432 by default for PostgreSQL.The database is the name of the database you need to access in this tutorial it's mydb.The username and password of your database.Create a new database - for this project, we would call it mydb.Īs you can see, the url object defines the database URL with the following options: Initiate the Python project and the PostgreSQL databaseĭownload and set up PostgreSQL if you haven’t already. To be able to create these two records in the database, you should define a schema and then create a table based on that schema. Say, you have two products in your inventory: If you have no idea what ORM is, consult this wiki page! If you're new, create a free account here. To follow along with this tutorial, you need to have the following: Or, your inventory didn't have that particular product in the first place.This particular product is finished and it's no longer in the inventory.Saying that the product is not available means one of two options: When the client orders that product, the chatbot replies to place that order for them or says it's not available. This chatbot will fetch data from the PostgreSQL database and update inventory data in the database using the SQLAlchemy ORM.Īt the end of this tutorial, you'll be able to create a chatbot like so: It is then communicated with Pyngrok, which is a Python wrapper for ngrok that puts the FastAPI localhost on the internet. This chatbot is built using a FastAPI backend. You'll use Twilio's API to access the WhatsApp messaging product to let the clients send messages via WhatsApp and start the chatbot. In this tutorial, you will build this service using FastAPI, Twilio's WhatsApp messaging API, Pyngrok, and SQLAlchemy. This chatbot will help you engage with clients ordering your products and will tell them exactly about the status of the product - if it's there in the inventory or not. With this chatbot, you'll retain your time and get a reliable result. Today, you're going to learn how to manage your products in the inventory with a WhatsApp chatbot. Or you can hire someone else to work but they might not be honest enough. You can manage it on your own but you'll lose a lot of your time keeping track of products there. Owning an inventory is a big deal only if you're able to manage it efficiently. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Fungeon Party A multitude of dexterity-based mini-games against a ticking timer Fungeon Party is multiple dexterity games in one, throwing (literally) a number of different challenges at the players.įungeon Party is a smorgasbord of different dexterity-based challenges, all presented at random depending on the card flipped over. The stacking and building aspect of Beasts of Balance is lovely, especially with all of the different shapes that come with the animals and artefacts.īuy Beasts of Balance on Amazon US and Amazon UK. Players can tap cards to the base to attack other player’s creatures, if you decide to play in the versus mode instead of co-op. If the tower falls, there is a small amount of time where you can rebuild the tower - if you fail to rebuild it, the world ends due to a volcano.Īs well as the pieces and companion app, Beasts of Balance has a card element. The harder a piece is to balance the more reward it offers, but with different challenges to overcome as the tower of artefacts and animals grows. The animals grow weaker over time, so you will need to pick up resource pieces from the table and balance them on the platform, allowing the animals to transform into hybrids. These animals appear in a virtual world on the app, placed in their natural habitat. Players must tap different animal artefacts against a base to register them in the app, then place them onto the base, balancing them on top of any other pieces. Beasts of Balance Stack animals and watch them evolve on your phone Beasts of Balance combines its careful physical stacking with the digital flourish of a companion app.īeasts of Balance is a really interesting dexterity-based game that also happens to require a companion app for phones or tablets. ![]() ![]() Most of these dexterity games also have really interesting pieces and unique takes on tabletop games, which bring something new with each and every one of them. Many dexterity games are great for children and adults alike, bringing the whole family together to play and improving skills beyond the table. Flick 'em Up: A complex western-themed game with a lot going on.ĭexterity games can take a bit of practice to get to grips with, but they are games worth mastering as the physical skills can then help you forever be the best of the best when it comes to challenging your friends.Klask: A modern successor to table hockey, plus magnets.Cube Quest: Summon your army before knocking each other’s castles down.Crokinole: Flick discs and try to land in the middle in a true classic.Rhino Hero: Super Battle: Build a tower and fight your way up it as a superpowered animal.Eureka: Mix up concoctions in vials, without touching the balls with your hands. Mars Open: Tabletop Golf: Simplistic tabletop golf.Ice Cool: Fling penguins around a school, skipping class or being a hall monitor.Fungeon Party: A multitude of dexterity-based mini-games against a ticking timer.Beasts of Balance: Stack animals and watch them evolve on your phone.These types of games require dexterity to play - tasks that often use your hands and require skill beyond strategic prowess, from flicking and throwing to sliding and catching. There are tons of different tabletop games out there, from roleplaying games to auction games, but one of the most distinctive genres is dexterity-based tabletop games. ![]() ![]() ![]() Space can emphasize a specific subject matter and lead our gaze towards it. For example, perspective and depth, with the assistance of other art elements like color, value, or texture, can create a three-dimensional space on a canvas. All of these can be applied with various techniques to create different pictorial effects in artworks. There are several types of space in art to be aware of, or that you may have heard of before. Below, we will expand on space further, discussing the types of space, and providing various space in art examples to illustrate the above-mentioned ideas. It can also be the physical space around or between a sculpture, which we walk around, or the space inside an architectural structure, which we move in and out of. The Last Supper (1495 – 1498) by Leonardo da Vinci, located in the Santa Maria Delle Grazie in Milan, Italy Leonardo da Vinci, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons This can be the space between the subject matter in a painting, a photograph, or graphic art, which we stand in front of and view. Furthermore, there is always an action that takes place on our, the viewers’, part when we engage with a work of art, and in turn, we engage with the space in or around it too. Space is usually described as the “area” that is either around, inside, or between an artwork. ![]() There are several types of space, namely, positive, negative, shallow, deep, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional, which all relate to the surrounding space in artwork, whether it is depth created on a flat surface of a canvas or the area around or within a felt sculpture. Texture is sometimes described as the “surface quality” of a painting, sculpture, or any work of art, and it can imply a texture or be felt as a tactile quality. Shapes are based on two dimensions, measured by their length and width, for example, a square, rectangle, circle, or triangle are well-known shapes, among others.įorms are based on three dimensions, namely, length, width, and height, and the well-known forms include cubes, spheres, cones, and more. There are vertical, horizontal, diagonal, zig-zag, curved, long, or short lines, all of which can be applied in different methods and patterns. This art element includes characteristics like hues, which are known as “pure” colors, the primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, color temperatures like warm and cool, color value, color intensity, and the difference between shades, tints, and tones.Ĭolor value can range from low-key, high-key, or middle-key on a grayscale, which refers to the lightness or darkness of an image. For example, understanding how space as an art element works will allow us to interpret any artwork in terms of how it utilizes space and any other art elements applied alongside it. These provide a set of rules, so to say, to better understand an artwork and its compositional structure. In art history, the elements of art are also utilized to conduct a formal analysis. The elements of art are utilized in the visual arts to compose an artwork, be it on a two-dimensional surface like a canvas or a three-dimensional structure like a sculpture or an installation. There are seven elements of art, namely, color, line, form, shape, texture, and value, including space. Space is one of the elements of art, and before we explain it in more detail let us provide some context. 6.3 What Is Positive and Negative Space in Visual Art?. ![]() 6.2 What Are the Types of Space in Art?.5 Learn everything about the Elements of Art.3 How to Create Three-Dimensional Space in Art.When you are happy with your design, use a felt tip to make sure all the lines are neat, thin, dark and meet up properly without any gaps.Consider what you have seen so far, positive and negative space can be very striking and bold, you can also create optical illusions or you could be inspired by cathedral windows. Creativity in choice of subject and how you bring the two artworks together.Consider both the positive and negative space.However, you will need to pay attention to the positive and negative shapes created as your piece can fall apart if all of your black areas are not connected. This means that your design can be complex if you wish as you do not need to sit and cut out each piece. You will be using black paper and a laser cutter. You could look at stained glass windows for inspiration or create a design that you can give to someone as a gift. What you create is free choice, so long as it is school appropriate. ![]() |
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